Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue, is a type of connective tissue in the body that is primarily responsible for storing energy in the form of fat. It is made up of adipocytes, which are fat cells that store lipids as a primary source of energy. Adipose tissue can be found throughout the body and serves several important functions, including:
1. Energy storage: Adipose tissue provides a reservoir for storing excess energy in the form of triglycerides that can be broken down and used by the body when needed.
2. Insulation: The fat acts as thermal insulation, helping the body maintain its core temperature and prevent heat loss. This is particularly important in cold environments.
3. Protection: Adipose tissue cushions organs and joints, providing a protective layer that absorbs shock during movement and prevents injury.
4. Hormone production: Adipocytes produce hormones called adipokines, which play a critical part in regulating metabolic processes, such as insulin sensitivity and hunger.
There are two main types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). White adipose tissue is the predominant form in adults and is mostly responsible for energy storage, while brown adipose tissue is more abundant in infants and plays a role in generating heat by burning fat.
It's essential to maintain a healthy balance of adipose tissue to avoid obesity, which increases the risk of several health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. On the other hand, too little adipose tissue can lead to problems such as lipodystrophies, which are disorders characterized by the lack of fat and abnormal fat distribution.
